Marketing Assignment On Market Analysis Hilton Hotel - 1375 Words

Marketing Analysis of Hampton by Hilton Hotel in Jewelry Quarter Birmingham (Essay Sample) Content: Marketing Analysis of Hampton by Hilton Hotel in Jewelry Quarter BirminghamNameName of ClassName of InstructorName of SchoolDateMarketing Analysis of Hampton by Hilton Hotel in Jewelry Quarter BirminghamBackgroundLocated in Birmingham, in the worlds famous Birmigham jewellery Quarter, 10 minutes from Birmingham city center andeasily access through the M5 and M6 motorway, the Hampton is a luxurious hotel that offers guests a feel-at-home environment coupled with a wide range of amenities too guarantee a comfortable stay. Being a hotel operating within the mid-price segment, the Hampton Hotelencounters a significant level of competition. Business strengths, including huge popularity and staff diversification have been instrumental in ensuring the hotel handles this competition, as diversification promotes new cultures and practices (Hastings, 2007). Despite this, the hotel faces weaknesses such as inability to reach a wider customer population resulting from the fact th at the hotel has not fully exploited market opportunities provided by modern technological developments(Lusch, Vargo and Tanniru, 2010). Modern internet technology especially plays a key role in accessing wider market for products (Armstrong, 2011). A promising fact however, is that the hotel enjoys opportunities such as continued expansion in the utilization of its brand name, meaning, the hotel is better placed in expanding its customer base (Cho and Hyoung, 2006). Also, the availability of social media provides access to wider customer range as it connects a large number of people globally (Nicholls, 2010).Target MarketHampton has a well defined target market, which reaches people of all classes and age.. The market segmentation adopted by the Hampton hotel is based on understanding customer behavior, as well as the quality of service the customers expect, classified as a price-quality segmentation. This mid-price segment hugely comprises of individuals and families within the mi ddle class capable of affording the middle-tier brand of services and goods. The Hampton hotel has been outstanding in providing customer-based services to much appreciation of its guests. This has been attributed to a strong leadership structure, which puts significant emphasis on provision of exemplary services. The hotel design, consisting of a finish level categorized from mid-to-upper tier, with improvedguest rooms design, improvedlobbies, expanded areas of fitness and services such as free access to high-speed internet complement its recognition as a quality performer in the hospitality sector.Image and PositioningAn image for an organization is meant to enhance and augment the positioning concept communication. In cases where the concept is straightforward, there is no need of the image (Lefebvre, 2011). The right image serves to promote the objectives and interested of the business, whereas a tainted image limits the business fortunes and competitiveness (Chang and Zixue, 20 05). The Hamptons current brand image focuses on market development, diversification of its products and services, development of new generation products and services and also growth in its already existing market. The Hampton hotel has been previously overshadowed by the popularity of the Hilton hotel and as such its poplarity in the market stood at a low point. However, with strategies such as extensive advertising and promises of a significant improvement in the level of excellence in its service delivery, an influx in the number of guest has been witnessed. Owing to the comprehensive examination of the current image also, the hotel realized that its competitors targeted higher customer segments because of affordable prices on their services (Steward and Bruce 2010), and in response, the hotel sought to provide services at affordable prices.Positioning stands as an important part towards the launch of a product and the organization as a whole in the market as it influences and co ntrols the market perception of the organization. The image of the organization in the minds of the target customers is created by the positioning of the products offered by the organization (Frey, Carl and Gary, 2000). Ensuring above average profitability is solely dependent on the sustainability of competitive advantage of the company (Levine, 2010). Competitive advantage is demonstrated through differentiation and through low cost. With a sufficient focus on the two basic approaches to competitive advantage, the activities of the company may enable it achieve the three generic strategies, which are focus, cost leadership, and differentiation (MacInnis, 2004).The Hampton hotel has been keen in enhancing both its cost and differentiation advantages, which are the major factors for sustainable competitive advantage (Stephen and Frederick, 2005). Among such operations has been the hotels ability to deliver similar benefits to those of its competitors at a relatively low cost (Joseph and Aimee, 2008). Owing to the fact that competitive advantage facilitates creation of superior value by the firm for the customers as well as superior profits for the company (Neuendorf, 2002),the Hapmton hotels most important aspect is its ability to bring down costs while enhancing efficiency (Defourny and Nyssens, 2010), thus maintaining its positional advantage (Madill, Brouard and Hebb, 2010).Majority of businesses are bound to fail because of incompetence among its leadership (Madill, Brouard and Hebb, 2010) but in Hampton hotel, the invention and design of efficient human resource and employee satisfaction has been tasked to a competent management team which ensures smooth operation and profitability of the hotel (Richards and Catharine, 2002).Hampton hotel has the ability to identify avenues of profitability and understand the costs of internal activities which determine its performance in the marketplace (Potter and Karyn, 2007). This means that Hampton hotel can have a d ifferentiation benefit and a relative low cost principle that would see its success irrespective of the challenges facing it (Nelson and Hye-Jin, 2007). Differentiation advantage makes consumers perceive that the hotel provides unique products that meet their needs. Uponachieving this, the hotel can exploit the advantage by increasing the price of its services until it offsets improvement in the consumer benefits or price its products below that of its competitors to build a large market share, a strategy (Stevenson and Linda, 2011). The low costs benefit would allow the company to maintain its productivity through maintaining current performance while gaining market share and matching the price of the competing services to increase its performance and profitability (Andreasen and Kotler, 2003). Hampton develops and maintains an inbound logistic that is well-structured, which is efficient in managing all its operations. For instance, the company has managed to maintain an upward tre nd in the number of customers using its services, and this has facilitated the expansion of the company operations (Kerr and Don).Strategy and Tactics in MarketingBuilding relationshipsBuilding relationship by the hotel would require the hotel management to integrate the various promotion mix elements in order to meet the requirements for information for all customers on target (Crano and Michael, 2002). This implies that the promotion mix is meant for the satisfaction of both regular and prospective buyers. Certain elements are thus meant for the customers who have no knowledge of the product, while the rest are for customers that are informed of the product have a higher likelihood of purchasing it (Ziegler, 2010). Customer relationship is also a vital aspect in the operations of the Hamptons Hotel. A friendly, welcoming staff awaits every guest. The staff aim at recognizing every guest by their firs names thus creating a good rapoort with them. Product promotion activities includ ing vast and catchy advertisements on a number of websites help in educating the public about the numerous services at the hotel. Thus attracting new guests and informing the already existing guests of new developments in he hotel.Implementation and ControlAmong the major elements the hotel should embrace arehigh levels of advertisement through the numerous platforms that include the internet, radio, television, brochures, billboards and catalogues (Bailey, 2006). Secondly, promotions and exhibitions would persuade the public into adopting the hotels products and services and publicizing news that contain the hotels policies, which is cost effective and informative, should be adopted (Rodgers and Esther, 2000).Lastly, sales promotions stimulate the market, consumer demand, and improve product availability and when coupled withdirect marketing,customers who lackaccess to advertising channels such as newspapers, radio and television are reached(Nyilasy and Leonard, 2007).ReferencesAnd reasen, A. R., 2002. Marketing social marketing in the social change marketplace.Journal of Public Policy Marketing,21(1), pp.3-13.Andreasen, A R. and Kotler, P., 2003. Strategic Marketing for Non-profit Organizations, 6th edn. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.Armstrong, J. S., 2011. Evidence-based advertising., 30 (5), pp.74367.Bailey, A. A., 2006. A year in the life of the African-American male in advertising: A content analysis.Journal of Advertising,35(1), pp.83-104.Chang, T. K., and Tai, Z., 2005. Mass communication research and the invisible college revisited: The changing landscape and emerging fronts in journalism-related studies.Journalism Mass Communication Quarterly,82(3), pp.672-694.Cho, C. and Hyoung, K., 2006. The State of Internet Related Research in Communications, Marketing, and Advertising: 1994 2...

Job Interview At The United States - 1491 Words

Introduction At the age of 17 I enlisted in the United States Navy, and since have completed multiple combat deployments, lived overseas and been a part of multiple other billets representing the United States of America. These were times well spent, however, only to a very limited extent did they prepare me to conduct an affective and articulate job interview. Present day, the U.S. Military has implemented an extensive job interview process, with the goal of selecting qualified individuals for vital roles within our government. The job interview project opened my eyes to a world of preparation and focus that I never knew existed. In this paper, I prepare a job-interview strategy, identifying a few character traits that are the foundation of my being, and then link these traits to memorable life experiences that have had a profound effect upon me and those who I interacted with. The next few sections of the paper entail observations and a critique of a recently conducted mock jo b interview, and my â€Å"elevator speech† which is hyper-linked for reference. I conclude with vital lessons learned throughout the job interview process and project courses of action for a successful outcome from future interviews. Key traits and life-experiences that have shaped who I am Spending a fair amount of time deployed in the defense of the United States of America has led me to appreciate all that this country has to offer, and not take the freedoms we enjoy for granted. Most of all,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthe melting pot that is the United States. It is a plethora of cultural variation and ethical treasure as well as a place that gives great opportunities to attain wealth. Waves of immigrants came crashing down upon the United States in search of this wealth, all seeking the American Dream that they heard of from their respective homelands. Even still, the quest to realize this dream draws in many from afar and as a result; immigrants are still drawn to the United States. Entwined with the topic ofRead More1. Introduction . The Study Of Neighborhood Effects On1572 Words   |  7 Pagescommunities in Mexico and two cities in the United States. First, using the interviews of my mother and fath er I examine how their migration from poor, rural, communities in Mexico to Arvin, CA, a neighborhood in the United States, improved their access to health care. Despite the fact that this neighborhood is a low-income community, it has a higher income level relative to the extreme poverty experienced in the communities in Mexico. Second, using the interview of my eldest sister I examine how her moveRead MoreLegal Immigration : Harder Than It Sounds1319 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Seal of the United States itself displays the quote â€Å"E Pluribus Unum,† meaning, â€Å"Out of Many, One.† As a nation, we say that we welcome immigrants, and the diversity that they bring. However, words are about as far as our hospitality extends to those looking to integrate themselves into our multicultural nation. The first item that this paper will examine is the â€Å"visa† program. A visa is a temporary pass allowing an individual to travel through or into the United States. There are many typesRead MoreFor This Assignment, I Knew I Wanted To Interview A Person1673 Words   |  7 PagesFor this assignment, I knew I wanted to interview a person who worked as some sort of child psychologist. 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These immigrants are know as economy boostersRead MoreThe Career Exploration Research Project Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagescould harm the environment’s niche, the balance of the water system due to fertilization runoff which causes algae growth and the forest I could send a letter to the President of the United States and request for it to be preserve. In simple words I am basically studying the biomes of the world in the United States and the consequences of chemicals in the water systems and their long term effects. 2.What is one long term goal that you have on your agenda to achieve in the next 6 months to a yearRead MorePower Of Power And Power Control992 Words   |  4 Pageshad an interview with a teacher, Cynthia Morgan, in one of the states in the United States. Through the interview, Cynthia shared honestly about her daily tasks while working as a teacher in school and her points of view about wielding power and abiding by others’ power. Firstly, Cynthia is a teacher as well as the head of the Science department in a school in the United States. As a civil servant, she has some duties that she has to complete being the leader that she is. From the interview, clearly

How to Find the Symbol of an Ion

This worked chemistry problem demonstrates how to determine the symbol for the ion when given the number of protons and electrons. Problem: Give the symbol of an ion that has 10 e- and 7 p. Solution: The notation e- refers to electrons and p refers to protons. The number of protons is an elements atomic number. Use the periodic table to find the element with an atomic number of 7. This element is nitrogen, which has the symbol N. The problem states that there are more electrons than protons, so we know the ion has a negative net charge. Determine the net charge by looking at the difference in the number of protons and electrons: 10 - 7 3 more electrons than protons, or a 3- charge. Answer: N3- Conventions for Writing Ions When writing the symbol for an ion, the one- or two-letter element symbol is written first, followed by a superscript. The superscript has the number of charges on the ion followed by a (for positive ions or cations) or - (for negative ions or anions). Neutral atoms have a charge of zero, so no superscript is given. If the charge is /- one, the 1 is omitted. So, for example, the charge on a chlorine ion would be written as Cl-, not Cl1-. General Guidelines for Finding Ions When the numbers of protons and electrons are given, its easy to figure out the ionic charge. More often, you wont be given this information. You can use the periodic table to predict many ions. The first group (alkali metals) usually have a 1 charge; the second group (alkaline earths) usually have a 2 charge; halogens usually have a -1 charge; and noble gases typically dont form ions. The metals form a wide variety of ions, usually with a positive charge.

RainyDay Relationships Use of Weather in Wuthering...

RainyDay Relationships Use of Weather in Wuthering Heights In Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, numerous references are made to different conditions of weather. Even the title of the novel suggests the storminess present in nearly the entire book. The often-changing weather serves to signify the characters’ personalities, as well as the changes that they go through during the course of their lives. In fact, the first incidence of a reference being made to the weather occurs with a thought of Mr. Lockwood. â€Å"Wuthering being a significant provincial adjective,† he says, â€Å"descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather† (46). Because Wuthering Heights has been built on the moors, wind†¦show more content†¦If Wuthering Heights is hopelessness and desolation, Thrushcross Grange is peace and salvation. Heathcliff leaves Lockwood at this point, telling his tenant that he will be able to make it the rest of the way on his own. Heathcliff lives at Wuthering Heights because a desolate place is where he belongs, and his not walking the rest of the way to Thrushcross Grange is symbolic of his not being able, or even wanting, to travel toward happiness. Any happiness he had ended when Catherine died. One big turning point marked by stormy weather in the book is the day Heathcliff leaves Wuthering Heights for the first time. After hearing Catherine say that she could never marry him, Heathcliff’s heart is broken and he creeps out of the house. When Catherine realizes his absence, she gets extremely agitated, pacing from the gate to the door of the house and wondering where he could be. The weather in this scene is very ominous. â€Å"It was a very dark evening for summer: the clouds appeared inclined to thunder,† Nelly tells Lockwood (124). Not much later, a horrible storm begins. â€Å"There was a violent wind,† Nelly says, â€Å"and either one or the other split a tree off at the corner of the building...but the uproar passed away in twenty minutes, leaving us all unharmed, excepting Cathy, who got thoroughly drenched† (125). Although it is the middle of summer, one of the times a

Kohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development - 1450 Words

â€Å"Kohlberg developed six stage theory of moral development, and then he group them six into three. Which are higher-order levels of development: Level 1- Pre- Conventional morality which have two stageies 1- obedience and punishment, 2- Individual interest: behavior driven by self-interest and rewards. Level 2- Conventional morality two stageies are 1- interpersonal: behavior driven by social approval, 2- Authority: behavior driven by obeying authority: behavior driven by obeying authority and conforming to social order. Level 3- Post Conventional morality last two stageies is 1- Social Contract: behavior driven by balance of social order and individual rights, 2-universal ethics: behavior driven by internal moral principles (†¦show more content†¦If they morally do wrong and disobey the orders and rules I have set before them. Level 2- Conventional, as law enforcement officers they are to continue to accept the rules of their authority figures. Plus have positive relat ionships with there colleagues and societal order to avoid disapproval. Level 3- Post Conventional, as officers they must uphold there principles and valves. Live by their own ethical principles-- principles that typically include basic human rights as life, liberty, and justice – and view rules as useful but changeable mechanisms, rather than absolute dictates that must be obeyed without question. All three levels reliant on the concept of justice as it enables the concerned authorities to reach their mandate without the abuse of the system or other people within your department. Three types of criminals who are at different stages of moral development? â€Å" Juvenile delinquencies are teenagers whose moral development has been impaired at the third stage. This stage consists of interpersonal and accord conformity as well as authority and social order maintaining law. Juvenile delinquents are unable to recognize the authority of the legally appointed leaders as well their parents ( Woolfolk, 2012 ). They are also unable to respect social norms and the laws that have been instituted by the authorities. Individuals that have not properly developed at stage two, which is driven by self- interest, include insuranceShow MoreRelatedKohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development1981 Words   |  8 PagesMoral development is defined as the aspect of a person’s overall development that will occur over the course of the person’s lifetime. There have been a number of theories that describe how and when moral development occurs in individuals; however, a theory that has become well known and widely accepted in schools, colleges and as well as psychology would have to be Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development. Kohlberg’s model, a stage theory, explains the various stages people encounter in aRead MoreKohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development1684 Words   |  7 Pagesis impacted by education is their morality. This paper will explore Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, which addresses the idea of a person s progression of morality. It will first examine the concept of the theory and its founder. It will then follow with examples from classrooms today, and from my own personal experience as a K-12 student. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the implications of this theory for educational psychology, and encourage an implementation of it that will benefitRead MoreKohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesKohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development The theory of moral development was founded by the psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg. He argued that starting from infancy extending throughout adulthood, we develop a moral compass that guides us through our life. Each moral judgment can be categorized into three levels, pre-conventional morality, conventional morality, and post-conventional morality, with each level encompassing two stages. As we grow older and gain new experiences, we begin to view the worldRead MoreKohlberg s Moral Development Theory776 Words   |  4 Pagesplay compute games for 15 minutes. She is happily doing that to earn the rewards. Ashley’s point of view that, she looks for her benefit or reward put her in Stage 2 of level 1(Pre-conventional) base on Kohlberg’s Theory which is a Moral development theory. Kohlberg’s Moral Development is based on the reasoning. Pre-conventional level is based on the physical consequences of an act. Reasoning and actions in pre-conventional governed by the standards of others like punishment for stage 1 or rewardRead MoreKohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development1785 Words   |  8 PagesLawrence Kohlberg is the author of a three-level theory that is based on moral development; it includes two stages per level that are very specific to that individual level. Kohlberg s theory blossomed from the theory of Jean piaget s, in which he continued his work. The three levels of Kohlberg’s Theory are the preconventional level, conventional level, and post conventional level. The three levels are put in this order based on the ages that are expected to be in each level. Although it is believedRead MoreKohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development2125 Words   |  9 PagesA human’s moral growth is important because it shows what kind of person they are in our society. Lawrence Kohlberg-- a psychologist-- was quite intrigued with how a human, the same as everyone else, can act differently than others. He found some theories that explain what humans would do in certain situations and why; He solved a piece of the puzzle we call life . In â€Å" Kohlberg s Theory of Moral Development† there are three different levels of moral reasoning: Preconventional, Conventional, andRead MoreKohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development And Moral Maturity Essay1305 Words   |  6 PagesLawrence Kohlberg (1927–1987) is the pioneer of the theory of stages of moral development and participated actively in the development of the fields of moral psychology and moral education. Kohlberg was especially inspired by Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist who created the theory of cognitive development. Mark Baldwin, John Dewey, and George Herbert Mead also influenced his thinking (Barger, 2000; Encyclopedia of Education, 2002). In this paper, I will analyze in-depth Kohlberg’s theory and discussRead MoreKohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development1594 Words   |  7 PagesLawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) further developed the works of Piaget (1896-1980) in regards to moral development. This essay will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of Kohlberg’s theory in a critical manner, looking at the positive aspects of his research and the disadvantages of the types of situations he gave in his experiments, the universal accuracy of his results and the controversial findings of sex differences in regards to morality. Kohlberg advanced Piaget’s theory of moral development andRead MoreKohlberg s Theory Of The Development Of Moral Judgement1693 Words   |  7 PagesKohlberg’s Theory of the Development of Moral Judgement† Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) further developed the works of Piaget (1896-1980) on moral development. This essay will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of Kohlberg’s theory in a critical manner, looking at the positive aspects of his research and the disadvantages of the types of situations he gave in his experiments, the universal accuracy of his results and the controversial findings of sex differences in regards to morality. Kohlberg advancedRead MoreImplications Of Kohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development7968 Words   |  32 PagesImplications of Kohlberg on Learning Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine a teaching strategy based upon Lawrence Kohlberg’s social cognitive theory of moral development. Kohlberg’s theory is examined in articles written by Reimer, Turiel, Walsh, Baek, Grover, Kirman, Ellenwood, Sholl, and Hayes to gain varying perspectives and a comprehensive summary of Kohlberg’s theory. Overarching methods of the theory to implement in the classroom are considered including assessment of moral stages in

Capital Punishment Grievous Crime

Question: Discuss about theCapital Punishmentfor Grievous Crime. Answer: Introduction Capital punishment has been a part of the legal system from ancient times to punish a person who has been found guilty of committing a grievous crime. It is a sanction imposed upon by the government according to which a person is deprived of his life because of a crime committed by him. The crimes which generally constitute capital punishment are crimes such as treason, murders, genocide espionage, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Although 103 countries have totally abolished the concept of capital punishment it is still used by fifty six countries as a punishment for ordinary crimes and six countries for the purpose of war crimes. The topic has been a subject of discussion for the past few decades in the world. The extremist believe that capital punishment is necessary in the society while the liberals believe that it should be abolished with immediate effect (Foster et al., 2017). Ronald Allen Smith had been charged with the murder of two young men who offered him a ride along with his partner in crime. The accused had shot the men in their head and admitted the same three weeks later . He did not plea for a life sentence and instead accepted the death penalty. However he later changed his mind and plead for life imprisonment but his plea was rejected and he was executed through the lethal injection process (Global News, 2017). The main purpose of capital punishment is to make sure that it sets an example before the society so that people think twice before committing any grievous crime. However, the concept has proved to be far more detriment than beneficial for the society. The media plays a vital role in instigation the emotions of public in favor of or against capital punishment (Steiker, 2015). The thesis statement of this paper is that capital punishment is not beneficial for the society and further raises the cost of the government towards its maintenance. The debate over the fact that capital punishment is just and efficient or not has been present from the time capital punishment had been introduced. The moral and philosophical arguments in relation to capital punishment have remarkably remained unchanged over the years. The issue in relation to deterrent effect of capital punishment is one of the main concepts used against the practice of capital punishment. Other oppositions which have been provided against the concept of capital punishment include aesthetic and ethical considerations and errors with respect to the judicial system arising out due to personal, political and cultural corruption. Once such punishments have been applied these kinds of errors cannot be reversed or corrected even if they have been identified. Although the purpose of this kind of punishment is to make sure that it prevents further crimes such as murders it has been far from achieving its results. It is true according to the economic theory that specific c rimes are deterred due to the introduction of punishments and penalties but in case of grievous crimes like murders and treason capital punishment has been far from effective. According to psychological theories of crime person committing grievous crimes such as murders are not in a mental state to understand what the consequences of such action might be. Critiques of capital punishment argue that human life is so very valuable that no human being can be deprived of his life even if he has been involved in a grievous crime like murder. According to the theories of punishments the main purpose of punishment is to make sure that the crime does not occur in future but capital punishment has not been able to provide ant deterrence even if it has than its ill effects overrule the benefits it provides to the society. Innocent people who have been accused due to the skills of the prosecution have and poor defense suffer death sentences and there is no way in which they can get their lives back when the fault bin the justice system is discovered. Only the accused and the victim actually knows what happened at the crime sight whether the killing accounted to a manslaughter or a murder and this fact is brought out according to the skills of the prosecution and defense. The media pays a huge role towards directing the emotions of public towards the victims family or the accused. In most cases the media takes the side of the victims family by focusing on their side of the story and therefore the society becomes emotionally in favor of death punishment without analyzing the actual facts . In the case of Ronald Allen Smith against whom a charge of murder of two young men had been confirmed the media played a similar kind of role. Here also it was seen that death punishment was used as a blunt instrument to help the society. Years after the person had been proved guilty he was deprived of his life where he had gone through significant changes in his character. The punishment just increased the cost of the government without providing any benefit to the society. According to a study conducted by university of Columbia about 68% of the total death penalties have been revered following an appeal which considered the lack of proper defense as a reason for s uch reversals. The arguments provided in favor of capital punishment states that the families of the victim suffer significant loss due to the actions of the accused which cannot be undone and thus capital punishment must be given to the accused in order to make sure that the families and the society have their faith restored in the legal system. However the supporters completely ignore the side of the accuseds family. They also suffer significant emotional break downs and financial problems as they cannot believe that there family members cannot be guilty of such a crime and often spend significant money towards the legal system till the accused is executed. Moreover it is far for convincing that capital punishment provides any benefits to the victims family as till the time all trials are over and a person is executed many years already pass and it brings an emotional change in the individuals. Thus capital punishment in this case also does not provide any benefit to the society. Racism is also one of the factors which cannot be overlooked with respect to capital punishment. It has always been reported that white people often escape the consensus of a death punishment and rarely does the sentence provided to them does gets executed. However when it comes to black people the death sentence allocated to them rarely gets substituted. This leads to partiality and defeats the purpose of equality which is one of the fundamentals on which the judicial system is based. The researcher has also observed that those who have been convicted for killing white people are more likely to be executed with respect to a death sentence as compared to those who have been convicted for killing African-Americans. The supporters of capital punishment argue that it is beneficial for the nation as the government does not have to bear the cost of providing essentials and looking after murderers and rapists. However the practical cost of maintaining capital punishment is a lot higher as compared to looking after the convicts. The cost which the government has to incur in the endless trial procedure along with maintain ethics in the way in which execution is carried out is a lot higher then providing for basic necessities to the convicts in prison. As a life is at stake the judges and lawyers put in extra effort while preparing for and addressing such issue which significantly increases the cost. A hearing involving a lethal injection process includes at least three attorneys with respect to the inmate, three assistant attorney generals, Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections director, the prison warden two law clerks and judges (Adams, 2016). All of them have to be paid by the federal or the state government and such hearings can further continue for a few hours to a few days. The average period which is taken by the judicial system from the time the sentence is provided and execution is done is about 21 years and the cost per case is in millions which is far more than then its alternative which is Life sentence without parole. According to a study conducted by Lewis and Clark Law School and Seattle University the cost of maintaining death penalties to the government is about 3-4 times more than in the case of life imprisonment. According to the study the cost of mainlining death sentence for 61 murderers was around $2.3 million which excluded the prison cost where as the cost for maintaining life imprisonment for 313 murderers was around 1.7 million. In the smiths case the tax paid by the public was unnecessarily wasted and there was no benefit provided to the society as smith was executed after a period of over a decade which evidently caused significant changes to h is character. If smith was not executed and had been provided with a life sentence instead the public money would not have been wasted and he would have served the prison community effectively. According to the social disorganization theory of crime a person indulges in criminal activities if the neighborhood of the person is not suitable and pleasant. According to the theory individuals who have a disadvantaged neighborhood acquire the traits of criminality due to their surrounding environment. Criminal activities are largely a result of conditions which are not favorable within a community. The society in which Mr. Smith resided was subjected to common use of drugs and it was found that the crime committed by him which included the murder of two young men was actually under the influence of a drug known as LSD. The convict himself asked for a death sentence instead of life imprisonment in this case which shows the mental condition of the convict. Life imprisonment would not only have been a better prospect against him but also would have saved money of the government which was wasted in reviewing the appeal made by him to change the death sentence. According to the Intelligence theory of crime less intelligent person are more likely to criminal activities than those who are intelligent. The less intelligent person are not able to achieve things in life as compared to the intelligent person and therefore they take support of crime to fulfill their needs. In this case if smith was intelligent enough he would not have unnecessarily murder two youths. Further he would have made an appeal for life imprisonment when he acknowledges the crime. Using the theory of social disorganization to analyze the root cause of criminal activities crime can be prevented and the making of potential criminals can be stopped if social actors get involved in improving the living condition and neighborhood communities. As the root cause of crime according to the theory is the neighborhood of individuals crime can be stopped if neighborhoods are improved and a favorable living condition is provided to the individuals. They would not need criminal activities to fulfill their needs and would not be gaining any criminal culture as the neighborhood would be imported leading to a crime free society. With respect to the intelligence theory of crime criminal activities can be reduced if less intelligent people are provided with opportunities and counseling. People commit crime as they feel suppressed by other intelligent people and if this feeling can be changed by social actors such as schools and other educational institutions than there would be a lot less criminals in the society. Concluding this paper it can be analyzed that capital punishment does not provide deterrence and further considerably raise the expenses of the government towards its maintenance. It does not provide any benefit to the family of the victims and moreover causes determent to the family of the accused. Media plays an important role in the society with respect to criminals. The society often sees criminals in the way they are portrait by media. Crime in the society can be prevented to a significant extent by using the social disorganization theory and the intelligence theory. If the living conditions are made suitable for the individuals crime rate will decrease automatically. References Adams, D. M. (2016). Belief and death: Capital punishment and the competence-for-execution requirement.Criminal Law and Philosophy,10(1), 17-30. Foster, C., Dodds, J. A., Brannan, S., Campbell, R., Davies, M., English, V., ... Chrispin, E. (2017). Capital Punishment.Journal of Medical Ethics,43(1), 24-25. Global News. (2017). Montana governor requested to review clemency for death-row Canadian Ronald Smith. [online] Available at: https://globalnews.ca/news/3116622/montana-governor-requested-to-review-clemency-for-death-row-canadian-ronald-smith/ [Accessed 15 Feb. 2017]. Steiker, C. S. (2015). Can/Should We Purge Evil Through Capital Punishment?.

Australian Government and Business Structure †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Australian Government and Business Structure. Answer: Introduction Choosing the legal structure for a business is an important decision which is taken by its owners. The decision has a significant impact on different areas of the business including legal liability, control over operations, and payment of tax[1]. It is a crucial decision and owners are required to evaluate different factors in order to select a suitable structure for the business such as control, limitation of liability, tax implications, flexibility and future needs, continuity of existence, on-going administration and others[2]. A legal structure can be changed by its owners as the business grows or changes. This report will focus on analysing different business structure by evaluating their key characteristics. Further, the report will compare and contrast between advantages and disadvantages of different business structures. In Australia, there are three different business structures which are commonly used by owners[3]. Sole trader Partnership Company Each of these structures has different responsibilities and liabilities which affect costs, asset protection, tax liability and other factors in a business. Owners are not locked in a structure, and they have the option to change the structure as the business grows or changes[4]. In order to select a suitable structure for a business, owners are required to look into advantages and disadvantages of each structure. In a sole trading business structure, a person runs the operations of the business and he/she is responsible for handling different tasks. In this structure, debts and losses of the business are not shared with anyone else. It is a simple and relatively inexpensive structure for starting a new business. As a sole trader, the owner of the business generally take all decisions regarding starting and running the operations, although he/she can employ people for help as well[5]. In sole trading structure, the owner has full control over operations and decisions of the business. The owner can run it how they please and take business decisions without the interference of others. Sole traders are the sole owners of the business which means they retain all the profits of the business. They did not have to share or distribute the revenue to any other person. However, the salary of employees, if any, is required to be paid from the profits[6]. The information regarding working and operations of the business in sole trading remain private in this structure. The information about the business and the owner kept private, unlike, limited companies as their information is public. There is also no reporting requirement for a sole trader. Often people prefer sole traders because they are able to provide a more personal service to local customers than compared to an organisation. The speciality in personal service is more appealing to potential customers, especially in local communities. Due to lack of reporting and full control over operations, sole traders are able to make decisions more quickly than compared to other business structures. It improves efficiency in the business by making it simpler to operate. Sole traders did not have a separate entity in the eyes of the law, like a limited corporation[7]. Therefore, they are subject to unlimited liability. This means business owners can be held personally liable for repaying the debts of the business. The court can give order them to pay their business debts by selling their personal assets and by using their personal savings that they have both inside and outside the business. Sole traders are the only investor in the business, and they find it difficult to raise finance for their business. Due to lack of financial support, they face difficulty while expanding their business in the future. Sole traders make all the decisions in the business which means the owner have to take all decisions without assistance from others. Therefore, the success or failure of the business entirely depends upon the decisions of the sole trader. Sole traders are unable to benefit from economics as compared to limited corporations management and larger firms who invest heavily to purchase in bulk which enables them to charge higher prices for their projects or services[8]. In a partnership business structure, a number of people joined together in order to carry on a business. People select partnership business structure over sole trader if they are entering into a business with another person or a number of people (cannot exceed more than 20 people)[9]. Partnership business structure is divided into two parts general and limited. A partnership firm can include up to 20 partners which mean they are able to fund the business with start-up capital. More partners mean more capital for the business which provides better flexibility and potential growth options[10]. The number of partners is higher than compared to a sole trading business which means more capital for the business, but it is lower than a company since it has the options to raise capital from the public[11]. It is easy to form, manage and run a partnership as compared to a company, whereas, it is more complex than compared to a sole trader. There are less strict reporting and governance requirements as compared to a corporation whereas they are more complex than a sole trader. In a partnership, each partner shares the responsibility of running or operating the business. It allows them to contribute to the business decision-making process by using their abilities which assist in taking beneficial business decisions. Unlike sole traders, the success or failure of the business depends upon the decisions of each partner. While taking business decisions, partners can share their expertise to help each other out in taking effective business decisions. More partners more brains which allow them to take collective decision for solving issues relating to the business. Expertise of each partner assists in decision-making process whereas sole traders take their business decision without assistance from others. Unlike sole traders, partners have to discuss and take collective decisions in the business which increases the chances of disagreements between partners. It is obvious that people have different ideas regarding how a business should run and operate which creates disagreements between partners which might lead to disputes. Often disputes result in dissolving a partnership which is not the case in sole trading structure. General partnerships have unlimited liability which means each partner share financial risks and liability of the business, just like a sole trader. However, partners have the options to create a limited liability partnership in which their liability is limited to the capital that they invest in the business. This structure is similar to a limited liability company without limitations such as complex reporting process while still taking advantages of the flexible business model. All the partners have to sign a partnership agreement which lays down terms of the partnership. This means partners have less freedom in some circumstances than compared to a sole trader. However, as compared to a limited company, the partnership business structure is relatively flexible. Just like sole traders, partners have to pay tax and submit self-assessment tax return each year. They are registered a self-employed and subject to a greater level of personal taxation than compared to a limited company management. Therefore, in some cases, setting up a limited liability company is a more suitable option than compared to a limited liability partnership[12]. In a partnership, partners share profits as per their profits sharing ratio which is provided in the partnership agreement. Generally, partners share equal profits or based on the ratio of their capital contribution. Unlike sole traders, sharing of profits may create conflict between partners result in the dissolution of the partnership[13]. A company business structure is suitable when starting or growing a business. A corporation has separate legal entity from its owners, unlike sole traders or a partnership firm. This means that a company is an artificial person who has individual rights and liabilities and its owners cannot be held personal liability for its debts[14]. It is a complex business structure then compared to a sole trader and a partnership firm, based on its administrative costs and additional reporting requirements. A corporation is registered with Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC), and it has to comply with the regulations providing in the Corporations Act 2001. A company has a separate legal entity which is different from its owners which means it can purchase and sell properties in its name and entered into a contract with other parties. It also means that a company has perpetual succession which means it will continue to exist even after the death of its owner which is not the case in sole traders and partnership firms as they cease to exist as their owners die. The directors of a company are protected under corporate veil, and they cannot be held personally liable for actions of the company. However, its case of fraud or deceptions, the court can use doctrine of piercing of corporate veil to held director liable for their actions[15]. A company has limited liability which means its owners or members cannot be held personally liable for its debts or liabilities. The members are only responsible for the amount of capital invested by them into the firms operations and their personal assets be used for settling companys debts unlike sole traders and general partnership structure. Limited companies are taxed on their profits. For base rate entities (turnover less than $25 million), the tax rate is 27.5 percent, and for other corporations, the current tax rate is 30 percent[16]. Unlike sole traders and partnership firms, the income of a company did not include in the personal income of its members. There are a number of deductions and exemptions available for companies which provide tax advantages to them. The members can claim deductions for train, bus, aeroplane and taxi fare and other accommodations costs such as hotel, travel, food and others. Members can also pay themselves salaries from companys income which provides them tax advantages. Establishing a company is relatively expensive than compared to a sole trader and a partnership firm. Members have to comply with a number of complex requirements and pay different fees for starting a company such as legal, rent, insurance, brochures, consultation and others[17]. There are a number of complex and restrictive regulations which are necessary to comply by a company regarding maintenance of its accounts. As compared to a sole trader and a partnership firm, corporations have to comply with strict reporting system which requires them to submit annual reports. Managing and operating a company require assistance from a number of professionals who perform different duties in order to ensure that the firm is operating effectively[18]. In order to effectively control a company, directors are required to delegate their duties to different employees which makes the process of controlling complex than compared to a sole trader and a partnership firm. There is more complex controlling system in corporations as compared to a sole trader and a partnership. Conclusion In conclusion, each business structure has different advantages, and disadvantages and owners are required to analysing them before selecting a suitable structure for them. The sole trading business structure is relatively inexpensive than compared to a partnership firm or a company. However, a corporation structure provides higher growth opportunities than compared to a sole trader and a partnership. A limited liability partnership incorporates advantages of a separate legal entity without complex reporting and operating requirements of a corporation. Therefore, owners should carefully evaluate different advantages and disadvantages of business structures before selecting the most suitable option for them. Bibliography Adam Wozniak, How to start a business in Australia Choosing a Business Structure (Partnership), 2018 https://www.wecancreate.com/blog/legal-issues/start-business-australia-choosing-business-structure-partnership/ [accessed 21 March 2018]. ASIC, Your business structure, 2018 https://asic.gov.au/for-business/your-business/your-business-structure/ [accessed 21 March 2018]. Australian Government, Business Structure, 2018 https://www.business.gov.au/Info/Plan-and-Start/Start-your-business/Business-structure [accessed 21 March 2018]. Australian Government, Business structures and types, 2017 https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/business-structure/business-structures-and-types [accessed 21 March 2018]. Australian Government, Company, 2017 https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/business-structure/business-structures-and-types/company [accessed 21 March 2018]. Australian Government, Difference between a sole trader and a company, 2017 https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/business-structure/change-business-structure/sole-trader-to-a-company/difference-between-a-sole-trader-and-a-company [accessed 21 March 2018]. Australian Government, Partnership, 2017 https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/business-structure/business-structures-and-types/partnership [accessed 21 March 2018]. Australian Government, Sole trader, 2017 https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/business-structure/business-structures-and-types/sole-trader [accessed 21 March 2018]. Australian Taxation Office, Company tax rates, 2018 https://www.ato.gov.au/Rates/Company-tax/ [accessed 21 March 2018]. Australian Taxation Office, Partnership, 2018 https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Starting-your-own-business/Before-you-get-started/Choosing-your-business-structure/Partnership/ [accessed 21 March 2018]. Australian Taxation office, Sole trader, 2016 https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Starting-your-own-business/Before-you-get-started/Choosing-your-business-structure/Sole-trader/ [accessed 21 March 2018]. Dudley Kneller, Guest post from a Technology Lawyer: Which Australian Business Structure is right for your start-up?, 2015 https://www.buzinga.com.au/buzz/australian-startup-business-structures/ [accessed 21 March 2018]. Legal Vision, Company or Partnership: Which business structure works for you?, 2014 https://legalvision.com.au/company-partnership-business-structure-works/ [accessed 21 March 2018]. Legal123, How to choose the right business structure in Australia, 2016 https://legal123.com.au/how-to-guide/business-structure-australia/ [accessed 21 March 2018]. Marc Walsh, 5 Common Business Structures in Australia, 2018 https://www.altusfinancial.com.au/latest-news-1/5-common-business-structures-in-australia [accessed 21 March 2018]. Small Business, Partnership, 2018 https://www.smallbusiness.wa.gov.au/business-advice/business-structure/partnership [accessed 21 March 2018]. State Library Victoria, Companies, 2018 https://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/companies/structures [accessed 21 March 2018]. Weller, Sally, Erin F. Smith, and Bill Pritchard. "Family or Enterprise? What shapes the business structures of Australian farming?." (2013) 44(2) Australian Geographer 129,142.